Sodium and Its Compounds

Introduction to Sodium

Sodium is a highly reactive metal and is part of the alkali metals group in the periodic table. It is represented by the symbol Na and has an atomic number of 11.

Sodium is essential in various industrial processes and is commonly found in compounds such as sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃).

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

• Common Name: Table salt
• Properties: White crystalline solid, soluble in water
• Uses: Used in food seasoning, preservation, and as a raw material in chemical industries

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

• Common Name: Caustic soda
• Properties: White solid, highly corrosive, soluble in water
• Uses: Used in soap making, paper production, and as a drain cleaner

Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃)

• Common Name: Washing soda
• Properties: White powder, soluble in water, alkaline
• Uses: Used in glass manufacturing, as a water softener, and in laundry detergents

Chemical Reactions Involving Sodium Compounds

Sodium compounds participate in various chemical reactions. Here are some examples:

• Reaction of NaOH with Acids:

  Sodium hydroxide reacts with acids to form salt and water. For example:

  $$\text{NaOH} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$$

• Thermal Decomposition of NaHCO₃:

  When heated, sodium bicarbonate decomposes to form sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide:

  $$2\text{NaHCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{CO}_2$$