Longitudes and Latitudes

Understanding Longitudes and Latitudes

Longitudes and latitudes are imaginary lines used to locate points on the Earth's surface. They are essential for navigation and geography.

Latitudes

• Latitudes are horizontal lines that run parallel to the Equator.
• The Equator is at 0° latitude, dividing the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
• Latitudes range from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles.

Longitudes

• Longitudes are vertical lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole.
• The Prime Meridian, at 0° longitude, passes through Greenwich, England.
• Longitudes range from 0° to 180° east or west of the Prime Meridian.

Calculating Distances Along Latitudes

The distance between two points along the same latitude can be calculated using the formula:

$$\text{Distance} = \Delta \lambda \times \cos(\phi) \times 111 \text{ km}$$

• $\Delta \lambda$ is the difference in longitude between the two points.
• $\phi$ is the latitude of the points.
• 111 km is the approximate distance of 1° of longitude at the Equator.